復旦大學2002年博士研究生入學考試英語試題
N\HQN0d9 Paper One
zo[[>MA Part Ⅰ Listening (15%)（略）
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f Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30%)
?p (/_@ Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
TQ`Rk;0R Passage 1
' v\L @" One of the greatest mysteries in the study of Cetacea［aquatic mammals］ has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks. Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the “big bang” theory of cetacean predation.
#% of;mJv Ken Norris, natural history professor, believes that rather than use their teeth to attack their victims, toothed whales stun their prey with intense bursts of sound. He points out that all 68 species of odontocetes (a sub-order that includes dolphins) use sound to locate their victims, and suggests this ability may have evolved to the point where it could be used as a weapon.
`)T~psT Millions of years ago, the ancestors of whales had a narrow tapered jaw, streamlined for speed and bristling with long rows of sharp teeth. Today odontocetes are not adapted to surprising their prey or trapping it quickly. Most are more bulky than their forebearers; their teeth are short and unevenly spaced when they exist at all. Norris suggests that because of their sonar ability, whales' teeth have become vestigial, like the human appendix.
d3W0-I NL It is difficult to test the big bang theory because in captivity, cetaceans tend to moderate their sonar so as not to deafen other creatures in their small, highly reflective tanks. Dolphins are known to politely turn off their echolocation systems when passing one another. And in the wild it's hard to tell whether a sound came from a nearby animal or form another very far away.
Qt,M!i, But Norris points to the male narwhal as tacit proof of his theory. This whale has no teeth, and the single spiral tusk that extends about eight feet in front of him would seem to be more of an impediment than an aid in catching shrimp, his preferred feed. “You look at these animals and you wonder what's going on.”
`2`\]X_A{ 21. The underlined word enigma means .
4#5:~M } A. debate B. fact C. mystery D. proof
Pfm_@'8 22. The primary purpose of this passage is to .
esHQoI h d A. argue for a ban on the capture of whales and dolphins
b8% C *r7 B. describe the evolution of whales
#7ov#_2Jd C. report a possible explanation for the lack of teeth marks on whales' victims
6gT5O]]#o D. reveal the flaws in the “big bang” theory of cetacean predation
V^hE}`>z& 23. As used in the passage, moderate most nearly means .
NTS# sgP A. direct B. lessen C. move to middle D. use
vk>b#%1{ 24. What is the “big bang” theory of cetacean predation? .
,(.MmP` A. Sixty-eight species of odontocetes use sound to locate their victims B. Toothed whales use sound as weapons
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