廣州中醫藥大學博士口語試題及答案(2015)

Questions for PhD students (2015)
1. Should a country give free medical care to its citizens?
1．A government should provide medical care for free because it is the right for all individuals. Everyone has the right to live, to receive help to survive. Imagine the poor people can’t afford even for their food and daily need, what will they able to do save their life when facing disease. Even such small diseases like cold and cough make their life harder, what happens when cancer or some other serious diseases occur? To solve that problem, government is the answer. Some people say citizen should take their responsibility not to leave the government with more pressure and difficulty. I remind them that citizen pay taxes to pay government work and spend money for their health insurance, they are obliged to get help through the hard time. The government’s responsibility is to its people- their education, their safety, especially their health.

2. Why is it important to follow proper procedures when performing a medical experiment or examination?
2. Before beginning any medical experiment or examination in a lab, the most important thing is to follow proper procedures. Following proper procedures usually has many benefits such as following. First of all, it protects our personal safety against being threated, such as not being infected or not suffering from skin irritation. What’ more, following the proper procedures always lead to a clear and accuracy experimental result than not. Last but not least, almost each of experiments should pass though the ethical review especially studies in human, which becomes a common step must be followed in the procedures nowadays. Not following proper procedures may cause many damage even can’t be recognized immediately. Firstly, those who do not follow proper procedures usually have more chances to be exposed in danger of contact explosive substance or irritation. Some injuries were immediately appeared, however, some only showed up as late as many years went. Then, without following proper procedures, the experimental results usually can’t be identified as coming from the experiment or the error impacts. Finally, such experiments that without passing ethical committee usually cause severe medical disputes. All in all, it is so important to following proper procedures when performing the medical experiment or examination.

3. Why are people given vaccinations? How do vaccinations work?
3. It is the safest and most effective way of giving protection against many diseases. After given vaccination, people are far less likely to catch diseases if there are many cases around them. The benefits of protection against diseases far outweigh the very small risks of vaccinations. If enough people in the community are given vaccinations, the infection can no longer be spread from person to person and the disease dies out altogether. When a person is vaccinated, their body produces an immune response in the same way their body would after exposure to a disease, but without the person suffering symptoms of the disease. When a person comes in contact with that disease in the future, their immune system will respond fast enough to prevent the person developing the disease.

4. Please describe some types of pollution and how they affect the body.
4. Air pollution is mostly caused by industries that emit gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. Dark smoke from engines and vehicles also exacerbate our atmosphere’s already worsening condition. If the air around us gets contaminated, the effect can be devastating. In the short time, it can result to upper respiratory ailment in humans like bronchitis and pneumonia. It also aggravates the condition of those who are already suffering from asthma and emphysema.
Water pollution increases when the industrial waste is being thrown in rivers of seas.it can lead to some harmful health hazards like heart disease. In worst cases, even damage to vital organs like the brain, liver, kidney, and nerves.

5. What are some differences between Western medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine?