2016年清華考博英語真題 .K| P&
一、單選（40題，0.5分/題，共20分） 8S.')<-f
1--20 近義詞 tp1KP/2w[
21--40 填空 zdLVxL>87
二、完型（20題，0.5分/題，共10分） pAJ=f}",]E
以下是拼湊的中文版，網上沒找到英文原版。 Z7/vrME6
英國有種迷信說法是不能在梯子下走過，這樣會很不吉利。 C
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黑貓作為一個不吉利的兇兆在不少國家都是有人相信的，因為黑貓總和巫術聯系在一起。那為什么有的地方黑貓會象征好運呢?英國部分人相信黑貓從你身邊走過象征好運，可能是因為象征厄運的黑貓從你身邊走過什么都沒做，所以壞運氣就這樣過去了，好運氣就要來了的原因。 0NL :z1N-h
英國人認為13是一個不吉利的數字，特別是13號又是星期五時，人們更是要處處謹慎。 \#\`!L[1
盡管英國的差天氣，常常需要備一把傘，但是，千萬不要在屋內打傘，因為，在英國，這種行為被認為會給主人帶來霉運。 | `_ < @b
許多英國人認為敲木頭可以避免壞運氣并帶來好運氣。特別是在過早預計完美的結果或下結論時，人們不愿見到事與愿為的結果。因此在覺著哪些話說出不妥時，就馬上敲一下木頭。例如：“我的身體非常健康，從來都不生病�！痹捯徽f完馬上先敲兩下桌子并馬上說：“Touch wood"。 u;+%Qh
英國人認為，打碎鏡子將會給當事人帶來長達7年的霉運。這是因為古人認為鏡子是神使用的工具，也有人說因為鏡子可以預見未來。 6?%]odI#
三、閱讀（4篇文章，5題/篇，2分/題，共40分） `"xk,fVYd
第一篇：有關水產的養殖 5 1o@b
第二篇：忘了 "C:rTIH
第三篇：摩天大樓與環境 -d|BO[4j
In the late 1960's, many people in NorthAmerica turned their attention to environmental problems, and newsteel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out thata cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportationand parking lot capacities. F3r S6_
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers andwasters of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 millionsquare feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak dailydemand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts—enough to supply the entire city ofAlbany, Rz.i/w g}
New York, for a day. Ff[H >Lp~
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especiallywasteful. The heat loss(or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass ismore than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulationboard. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, buildersof skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass I and reflectiveglasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well asheat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of thesurrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. ,3VG.u;U
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city'ssanitation(衛生) facilities, too. Iffully occupied, the two(former) World Trade Center towers in New York Citywould alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage(污物) each year—as much as acity the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than109,000. Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception, block birdflyways, and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960's some peopleeven feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass. }x:\6
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Still, people continue to build skyscrapersfor all the reasons that they always have to build them—personal ambition,civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount ofrentable space. ky'|Wk6
第四篇：演講的重要性和各種用途，不可替代 J*}VV9H
四、翻譯 < 8iYL`3
“When you open thewindow, both fresh air and flies come in,” said Deng Xiaoping, describing thegood and bad consequences of the opening of China’s economy. Most people seeeconomic growth and rising incomes as desirable, but they have theirdisadvantages. Families break apart, as young people move to the cities. Jobsbecome more insecure if the labour market is liberalised. Rising inequality mayupset even those who are becoming richer. Small wonder, perhaps, that thesatisfaction ordinary Chinese expressed with their lot fell at the start of theeconomic boom sparked by Deng’s reforms, before rising again as growthaccelerated. So, at any rate, concluded a study published in 2012 by RichardEasterlin of the University of Southern California and colleagues. o{9?:*?7
Mr Easterlin is best known for a hotlycontested paper published in 1974, which argued that rising incomes do not makepeople happier. Ever since, in spite of the obvious benefits, economists havedebated whether getting richer is all it’s cracked up to be. The mostcomprehensive study, published in 2012, looked at a range of countries overtime, and concluded that there is a positive relationship between income growthand satisfaction. jv*Dg (
One way to answer questions about causalityis to look at evidence from randomised trials. Lotteries randomly allocateextra wealth, and so could serve as a focus of study, but in most countries onlya small proportion of people buy tickets. The behaviour of those having aflutter may not be typical of people in general, skewing the results. @kwLBAK}@
（來源：December 21, 2015From the economist print edition） $|Q".dD
五、作文（20分，200字） ,"@w>WL<9
根據以下內容寫一篇不少于200字的文章。（2016.1.13 Chinadaily 外交部新聞發言人洪磊的答記者問） #
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Q: Japanese Chief Cabinet SecretaryYoshihide Suga told the press on January 12 that if a foreign naval vesseltransits Japanese waters for purposes other than "innocent passage",they will order a naval patrol to deal with it. Some Japanese media believe thatthis is a new policy by the Japanese government to cope with Chinese navalvessels sailing near Diaoyu Dao. What is your comment? 問：據報道，日本內閣官房長官菅義偉在12日的記者會上稱，將對進入日本領海不符合“無害通過”的外國軍艦采取海上警備應對行動。有日本媒體認為，這是日政府制定的應對中國軍艦進入釣魚島的新方針。中方有何評論？ ! c\7
A: I have made our position clearyesterday. The Chinese side has the right to carry out normal navigation andpatrol in territorial waters of Diaoyu Dao. We advise the Japanese side not totake any provocative actions and ratchet up tension. Otherwise, they will faceall the consequences. 答：昨天我已就此表明了立場。中方有權在釣魚島領海正常航行和開展巡邏活動。我們奉勸日方不要采取任何挑釁或導致事態升級的行動。否則，一切后果自負。 M]J [6EW
