Ex.1 -C7]qbT
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The most important starting point for improving the understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequate scientific education at school. Public attitudes towards science owe much the way science is taught in these institutions. (71)_____ g|<Sfp+;+
Today, school is what most people come into (72) _____ AF,BwL N
contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science for the first rime, at least in a systematic way. It is at this point which the foundations are laid for an interest in science. (73)_____ ,"}Rg1\4t
What is taught (and how) in this first encounter will largely determine an individual’s view of the subject in adult life. !|
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Understanding the original of the negative attitudes (74) ____ BfTc
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towards science may help us to modify them. Most education system neglect exploration understanding and reflection. (75)_____ h( QYxI, |
Teachers in schools tend to present science as a collection of facts, often by more detail than necessary. As a result, (76)_____ CDy^UQb
children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas, periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards. (77)_____ Eu<1Bs e;
The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. Such a purely (78)_____ *DI)?
empirical approach, which consists of observation and description, is also, in a sense, unscientific or incomplete. There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in (79)_____ bBxw#_3A?E
an enjoyable way. Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but ‘hard fun’ – a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative engagement.(80)_____ 3#k itmV
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Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many kids passed through schools without master the printed page. (71) ____ lVH<lp_ZtK
Some were treated as mentally deficient, many were left functionally illiterate（文盲的）, unable to ever meet their potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. (72) ____ BG2)v.CU
Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, (73) ____ qUF'{K
faulty writing in the brain — not lazy, stupidity or a poor home(74) ____ |w }w.%
environment. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia (75) ____ ]ekk }0
is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well (76) ___ ^W83 ByP
and not getting help. At same time, educational researchers have come up (77) ____ Q'apG)0I
with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of (78) ____ {0\,0*^p
frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the message to parents that they should be on the alert for the first signs of potential problems. . ~lKBkS`!
It’s an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new (79) ____ {-zMHVw=}
social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and (80) ____ Je H ;v0
understand increasingly complex material. yTM{|D]$(
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Ex.3 9W*+SlH@ !
The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its " Reading at Risk " survey, which described the movement of the American public away from books and literature and toward television and electronic media. According to the survey, "Reading is on the decline on every region, (62)_____ within every ethnic group, and at every educational level." gA#RM5x@
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The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, (63)_____ upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records, (64)_____ reading lists, book customer lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations. (65)______ XP[uF ;w
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These two events are completely unrelated to, (66)_____yet they echo each other in the message they send about the place of books and reading in American culture. (67)_____ At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. All of these are skills promoted by reading and discussing books and literature. At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the messages that reading may be connected to desirable activities that might undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish. (68)_____ &U HPX?x
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Our culture’s decline in reading begin well before the existence of the Patriot Act. (69)_____ During the 1980s’ culture wars, school systems across the country pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by parents and teachers to be inappropriate.(70)_____ Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the American public. (71)_____ 5,"l0nrk
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