套路一：現象解釋型 8D&yFal
1. 特點：文章開頭講述一個社會現象或自然現象，通常很古怪，后文對應給出N種解釋，一般作者同意最后一種解釋，駁斥前N-1種解釋。如果只出現一種解釋，那么該解釋就是文章的主題。 * %n(t+'q
2. 文章主題：作者同意的解釋。 FT
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3. 判斷標志：現象段中一般有設問。 I\~sE Jwj
4. 出題點及出題方式： mO0}Go8
1） 對現象的各種解釋：細節題，主題題 / _! Ed]
2） 對解釋的評價：態度題 q^ eLbivVE
5. 真題舉例： q+U&lw|"w
真題舉例1： #: xv]qb`k
President Coolidge’s statement, “Thebusiness of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-thatbusiness institutions have more prestige (威望) in Americansociety than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this greatprestige? zI$'D|A
One reason is that Americans viewbusiness as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than otherinstitutions in society. Sincecompetition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by mostAmericans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is notonly good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values suchas individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. =3EE- %eF!
Competition protects the freedom of theindividual by ensuring that there is nomonopoly (壟斷) of power. Incontrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against eachother for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfairadvantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats itscustomers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar,they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. Vs9]Gm
A contrast is often made betweenbusiness, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believethat it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though governmentleaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americansbelieve, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, thatdemocracy in preserving freedom. 7_~_$I~g*
Competition in business is also believedto strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to theswiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitivesuccess is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based onfamily background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea ofequality of opportunity rather than thearistocratic (貴族的) idea of inherited privilege. =h\uC).t&
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文章套路分析：文章以President Coolidge 的名言開頭。注意以后在閱讀過程中遇到大寫，特殊字體等專有名詞，對其做首字母提煉，提高閱讀效率。比如這里的President Coolidge，可以提煉成PC。文章開頭“President Coolidge’s statement, “Thebusiness of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-thatbusiness institutions have more prestige (威望) in Americansociety than any other kind of organization, including the government.”在美國商業機構威望最高，甚至比政府的威望還要高。讀者對這一古怪的社會現象自然不理解，為何如此呢？沿著第一段末句的設問，“Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?” 9dwLkr
我們在第二段首句找到了原因：“ One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based onthe ideal of competition than other institutions in society.”因為商業機構更體現競爭意識�？v觀其他段落主題句，再無其他解釋。OK，這個解釋就是文章的主題，全文為總分結構。 ddwokXx
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