2012年全國醫學博士外語統一
考試英語試卷
試卷一 (Paper One)
Part Ⅰ ListeningComprehension (30%)
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you willhear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. Aideryou hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose thebest answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example.
You will hear:
Woman: I fell faint.
Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question: What’s the matter with the woman?
You will read:
A. She is sick. B. She is bitten by an ant.
C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B ● D
Now let’s begin with question number 1.
1. A. The woman’s condition is critical.
B. The woman has been picking up quite well.
C. The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.
D. The woman won’t see the doctor any more.
2. A. A broken finger. B. A terrible cough.
C. Frontal headaches. D. Eye problem.
3. A. She needs a physical examination. B. She is in good health.
C. It’s good tohave a doctor friend. D. It’s good to visit the doctor.
4. A. He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.
B. He prefers to get antioxidants from food.
C. He doesn’t mind eating a lot every day.
D. He is overcautious sometimes.
5. A. The blouse is a bargain. B. The blouse is too expensive.
C. The blouse is colorful. D. The blouse is sofashionable.
6. A. To queue for a ticket. B. To take man’s offer.
C. To buy a ticket online. D. To try an agency.
7. A. She disagrees with the man.
B. She couldn’t agree with the man more.
C. It’s hard for them to fulfill their plans.
D. It’s impossible to get money from the GatesFoundation.
8. A. One minute. B. Fifteen minutes.
C. Half an hour. D. Five minutes.
9. A. She is freezing cold. B. She is crazy about icecream.
C. She has a headache. D. She has brain fever.
10. A. She can’t wait for the man. B. She is very eager to see theman.
C. She will go to the USA with the man. D. She expects the man to stay.
11. A. A cold. B. A headache.
C. A hoarse voice. D. Insomnia.
12. A. To go to Susan for advice. B. To try to think like Susan.
C. To break up with Susan. D. To have a date with Susan.
13. A. She will become a famous singer soon. B. She will become an American idol.
C. She will sign up for a talent show. D. She will surely stand out from thecrowd.
14. A. To take a month off work. B. To rest in bed as much aspossible.
C. To take some herbal medicine. D. To put on plaster.
15. A. The Chinese face cream. B. The American face cream.
C. The French perfume. D. The medication.
Section B
Directions: In this section you will hear three passages. After eachone, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
16. A. White blood cell count. B. Red blood cell count.
C. X-ray. D. ECG
17. A. Too much work to do. B. A heavy load of studying.
C. Her daughter’s sickness. D. Her insufficient income.
18. A. Leukemia. B. Gastric ulcer.
C. Immune disease. D. Gastric influenza.
19. A. Take the white tablets three times a day. B. Takethe charcoal tablets three times a day.
C. Take one ortwo white tablets at a time. D. Take twocharcoal tablets a day.
20. A. Stay off work. B. Drink plenty ofliquids.
C. Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit. D. Postpone your exercise when sick.
Passage Two
21. A. 35million. B. 34million. C.25million. D. 20million.
22. A. Author, professor and dreamer. B. Writer, professor and insomniac.
C. Author, psychologist and insomniac. D. Dramatist, psychologist and scientist.
23. A. Sleeping in 8-hour consolidated blocks. B.Sleeping during day time.
C. Going to bed soon after dark. D. Two blocks of 4-hour sleep with awaking break.
24. A. Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.
B. Because they sleep very little.
C. Because they are insensitive.
D. Because they can’t complain.
25. A. Sleep is highly variable, and wears out with age.B. Falling asleep is a gradual process.
C. Sleeping less will help you lose weight. D. Peopleneed to sleep eight hours a day.
Passage Three
26. A. Eight-year-olds. B. Twelve-year-olds.
C. Seventeen-year-olds. D. Adults.
27. A. The use of f MRI. B. The use of computertasks.
C. The three-way division of the subjects. D. The instructions given to the subjects.
28. A. 12-year-olds respond strongly to negativefeedback.
B. 12-year-olds function the same as 8-year-olds.
C. 8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.
D. 12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.
29. A. Not bad. B. Excellent.
C. Not so good. D. Got it wrong thistime.
30. A. Scientists. B. The general public.
C. Teachers at the kindergarten. D. Children with Attention DeficitDisorder.
2012年全國醫學博士外語統一考試英語試卷 答案與解析
Pan Ⅰ ListeningComprehension
Section A
1. 【B】此題考點為細節信息再現。女士問醫生是不是好轉了，醫生回答說當然，故答案為B。選項C是干擾項，醫生讓女病人伸直手臂，并說會有向蚊子叮咬的刺痛，prick的含義是“刺痛”。
2. 【C】此題考點為細節信息再現。男士六個月前來看病是因為手指斷了，今天來看病是因為頭痛，故答案為C。D項為干擾項，男士在講述病情時提到頭疼，大概是眼周圍的地方疼。
3. 【C】此題為細節信息再現。男士說需要體檢時打個電話給他，免費的。女士回答說有個醫生在身邊很好，所以答案為C。
4. 【B】對話中女士說抗氧化劑可以防癌，但她不想吃藥未獲取該物質。男士告訴女士可以從每天食物中獲取所需的抗氧化劑。因而答案是B。男士話語中的on the safe side的含義是“安全可靠，穩妥”。
5. 【B】此題考點為推斷。女士說花了8000元買了這件上衣。男士認為這是“rip off”，這個詞的含義是“騙人的東西”，他還提到時尚確實殺死女人。從上述信息可以推斷出男士認為這件上衣太貴了，因此答案為B。
6. 【C】女士說春節回家票很難買，男士建議她嘗試網上(online)購票。因此女士很可能會采納這個建議。故本題選C。
7. 【B】男士說基金會的資金會幫助實現他們的計劃，女士說“How could it not”，意思是“肯定可以”，因此本題選B。該選項中“couldn’t agree with the man more”是比較級的特殊用法，“否定詞+比較級”等于該詞的最高級，即couldn’t agree with the man more等于agree with the man most，即“十分同意”。
8. 【B】錄音中提到1分鐘、5分鐘、半個小時、一刻鐘，最后的肯定答案是a quarter of an hour，即15分鐘。因此本題正確答案為B。
9. 【C】女士說：“太遲了，我剛已經受到了冰過頭的疼痛。”由此可知，該女士遭遇到了吃冷凍食物時發生的疼痛，這也是“brain freeze”的含義。故本題選C。
10. 【B】錄音中女士說：“哇，我迫不及待想見你。”can’t wait to see sb. 的意思是“迫不及待想見某人”。因此本題正確答案為B。
11. 【C】男士說：“他嗓子嘶啞的原因是近期睡眠不好，并且很頻繁地唱卡拉OK。”因此他嗓子嘶啞的原因不是感冒。故本題選C。
12. 【A】錄音中女士建議：“Susan是Emily的好朋友，可以去找她了解一下。”因此本題正確答案為A。
13. 【C】女兒想去參加“美國偶像”的比賽，父親告知他要贏得比賽很困難，女兒表示“Where there is a will there is a way”，即有志者事竟成，暗含著她已經下定決心參加比賽。故本題正確答案為C。
14. 【D】女士給了醫生x光片，醫生認為她需要一個月的休息(a month off)，盡可能臥床休息(rest in bed asmuch as possible)，還會開點草藥(herbal medicine)幫助其恢復。但并不需要打石膏(plaster)，因為沒有那么嚴重，因此本題正確答案為D。
15. 【B】女士說因為用了比較昂貴的美國面霜(American face cream)后，皮膚就變粗糙(rough)，并開始不斷地長痘(spot)。醫生認為有可能她對這種面霜過敏(allergic)，建議她立刻停止使用。因此本題正確答案為B。
Section B
Passage One
16. 【A】根據醫生的判斷，病人的ECG十分正常(perfectly normal)，X光片也沒有問題，但是白血球數量很高(white blood cell count is rather high)。因此本題答案為A。
17. 【D】病人很焦慮，因為她本人工作很忙，女兒也生病了，學習壓力也很大。只有D(收入不足)不是她焦慮的原因，因此本題答案為D。
18. 【C】醫生說病人的紅細胞量高，證明身體正在跟病毒斗爭，由此推理可知，病人可能是免疫系統出了點問題。故本題選C。
19. 【A】醫生說，按照說明一天口服三次白色藥片，而charcoal藥片則需要根據腸胃(bowels)的適應度來決定是服用一片還是兩片，因此本題正確答案為A。
20. 【D】醫生對病人的建議是：不能上班，大量飲水，多吃蔬菜和水果。只有“生病時延緩健身”未被提及，故本題答案為D。
Passage Two
21. 【A】此題為細節信息再現題。文章中提到：As many as 35 million Americans experience chronicinsomnia，所以答案為A。
22. 【B】此題為細節信息再現題。文章中提到：In the six years that author, professor and lifelonginsomniac Gayle Green spent researching and writing her book“Insomniac”. 答案為B。
23. 【C】此題為細節信息再現題。文章中提到：there’s some evidence to suggest that this sleep patternmay be the one most in tune with our inherent circadian rhythms. 而這里的this sleep pattern指的就是前一句話說的睡覺模式：They’d go tobed soon after dark, sleep for four hours then wake for an hour or two duringwhich they’d write, pray, smoke, have sex or even visit neighbors. 因而符合這一睡覺模式的是C。
24. 【D】此題為細節信息再現題。文章中提到：insomnia is defined as a“complaint, ” and since animalscan’t complain，it’s difficult to measure in them. 所以答案為D。
25. 【A】此題可以用排除法，文章中提出五個常見的對睡眠的錯誤認識。B、C和D正是其中的三個，因而A為答案。
Passage Three
26. 【D】根據錄音可知，與8歲左右的孩子比較起來，12歲的孩子能接受負面反饋并從錯誤中學習，成年人也會如此，但更有效率(more efficiently)。因此，本題選D。
27. 【C】錄音中有句話說得很清楚“This three-way division had never been made before”，即這種三個層次的分界以前從未有過。因此本題正確答案為C。
28. 【B】Crone博士和同事對結果也是大吃一驚，他們原本認為(had expected)8歲孩子與12歲孩子的大腦工作方式會完全一致，結果卻不是。因此本題正確答案為B。
29. 【A】從錄音中可知，8歲的孩子在正面反饋的刺激下會做得更好。這也是他們與12歲孩子不一樣的地方。故本題答案為A。
30. 【C】錄音中提到，this new knowledge can have major consequences for peoplewanting to teach children(這種新知識對想教孩子學習的人來講有重要的意義)。因此本題正確答案為C。
2012年醫學考博錄音原文
Part Ⅰ ListeningComprehension (30%)
Section A
1. M: Well, just keep your arm straight there. Fine,there will be a little prick like a mosquito bite. OK? There we go. Ok, I willsend that sample off and we’ll check it. If the sample is ok, we won’t need togo on seeing you anymore.
W: So you think I’m getting better?
M: Absolutely.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
2. W: It’s Mr. Cong, isn’t it?
M: That’s right. I saw you six months ago with a brokenfinger.
W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?
M: It’s fine.
W: What can we do for you today?
M: Well, I’ve been having these headaches in the front,about my eyes. It started two months ago. They seem to come on quite suddenly,and I get dizzy spell as well.
Q: What is the trouble in the man now?
3. M: When you need a health checkup, just call me. It’stotally free.
W: It’s great having a doctor around.
Q: What does the woman mean?
4. W: We need anti-oxidants to prevent ourselves fromdeveloping cancer, but I don’t like taking pills to get it.
M: But you need to eat a mountain of food everyday to getall of the anti-oxidants you need.
W: I drink a lot of green tea; I eat onion, garlic andcitrous food. I also get nine different colors of vegetables every day.
M: All those do have anti-oxidants, but I want to be onthe safe side.
Q: What does the man mean?
5. W: The blouse cost me like 8000 yuan.
M: That’s such a ripoff.
W: I really like it, the color, the design. . .
M: Fashion really kills women.
Q: What does the man mean?
6. W: I’m finding it difficult to get the train to gethome for the Spring Festival. Last year, I stood for 24 hours from Beijing toChengdu. So, I need a seat this year. Any ideas?
M: You can try going online. I know there are a few sitesthat offer tickets.
W: That’s worth the try. Thanks.
Q: What is the woman going to do next?
7. M: This money from the Gates Foundation will help uswith our plans.
W: How could it not?
Q: What doesthe woman mean?
8. A: How long does the pain last?
B: Just a short while.
A: A minute, 5 minutes, half an hour?
B: Oh, not half an hour?
A: How long does it last?
B: About a quarter of an hour.
Q: How long does the man say the pain last?
9. A: Don’t eat ice cream so fast?
B: Too late. I’ve already have a brain freeze.
Q: what does the woman mean?
10. A: Honey I’m leaving tonight and get to the UnitedStates at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning.
B: Woo, woo, I can’t wait to see you?
Q: What does the woman mean?
11. A: have you got a cold?
B: Nope, I’m hoarse because I have got enough sleeplately and have been singing a lot KTV.
Q: What is the man’s problem?
12. A: Men are from Mars, and women are from Venus. It’sreally hard for me to understand Emily.
B: Susan is the best friend of Emily, why don’t you pickher brain.
Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?
13. A: Dad, I’ve decide to sign up for American Idol inorder to be a famous singer.
B: Oh, honey, don’t you know that it’s really hard tostand out from the crowd.
A: But where there is a road there is a way.
Q: What is true about the woman?
14. A: Here is my X-rays.
B: I’ll just have a look. Everything is OK except whatyou can see here. There is a hemi-fracture. It’s not very serious, but youshould take a month off work and rest in bed as much as possible. I’ll givesome herbal medicine to help you heal quickly.
A: Do I need to be put in plaster?
B: No, it isn’t necessary.
Q: Which of the following is not among the doctor’ssuggestion?
15. A: My skin has suddenly gone rough and red, and spotskeep breaking out. Is there anything I can do?
B: Have you used anything different on your face, or haveyou been on any medication?
A: I usually use Chinese face cream, but on my birthdayI’ve got some very expensive American face cream. It smells very nice. I wonderif that could be the problem.
B: do you have the face cream with you?
A: Yes, here it is.
B: It smells very strong. Maybe you are allergic to theperfume in it. I suggest you stop using it immediately.
Q: What might be the cause for the woman’s skin problem?
Section B
Directions: In this section you will hear one dialogue and twopassages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Questions 16-20 are based on the following dialogue.
P: Here is my result, doctor.
D: Have a seat, and let’s have a look. Well, your ECG isperfectly normal, and there is no problem with your X-ray, either. But yourwhite blood cell count is rather high, which is what I expected, and it showsyour body is fighting the virus.
P: Is there anything here I can do so that I can feelbetter, doctor? I am really busy at work this week. And I have a lot of stuffto do, but I don’t feel opt to it. Also my daughter is studying bad and. . .
D: Don’t worry. It’s just against the feel. But I willgive you some medicine for it to make you feel better. Three times a day takethe white tablets as directed on the label after meals. And for the (. . .)tablets, take one or two depending on how suitable your bowels are.
P: Is there anything else I can do, Doctor Hunt?
D: I know you are busy, but you really shouldn’t go towork. However, that’s up to you. Rest as much as possible, drink plenty ofliquid, and eat plenty of vegetables and fruits. Remember, an apple a day keepsthe doctor away. If there is no improvement after three days, come back and seeme again.
P: Thank you, doctor.
Questions:
16. According to the women’s test results, which of thefollowing item is abnormal?
17. Which of the following is not the reason for thewoman’s anxiety?
18. What is the doctor’s diagnosis of the woman?
19. How does the doctor say the medications areadministered for the woman?
20. Which of the following is not one of the suggestionsby the doctor?
Passage One
Questions 21-25are based on the following passage.
Our culture is obsessed with sleep, and the lack of it,yet many of us don’t know some basic facts. As many as 35 million Americansexperience chronic insomnia, and yet in 2006 only $20 million was spent onresearch. In the six years that author, professor and lifelong insomniac GayleGreen spent researching and writing her book "Insomniac". She learnedalmost all there is to know about sleep and the lack thereof. Here are fivecommon myths about how we get our shut-eye and why:
1. Humans Need Eight Hours Sleep a Night
There are many ways of sleeping and few cultures sleep ineight-hour consolidated blocks like we do. Until the industrial era, manyWestern Europeans divided the night into "the first sleep" and the"second sleep. " They’d go to bed soon after dark, sleep for fourhours then wake for an hour or two during which they’d write, pray, smoke, havesex or even visit neighbors. In fact, there’s some evidence to suggest thatthis sleep pattern may be the one most in tune with our inherent circadianrhythms.
2. Sleep Isn’t Just a Bodily Function
Sleep is a biological, physiological system, akin to thecardiovascular system, the nervous system and so on. Like any other system, itis highly variable, and it wears out and gets more fragile with age.
3. Animals Don’t Have Sleep Problems
Insomnia occursin animals and insects, too, sort of. Technically, insomnia is defined as a"complaint, " and since animals can’t complain, it’s difficult tomeasure in them.
4. Falling Asleep Is a Gradual Process Nope
Instead, for most people, it switches on and off like alight switch. But for insomniacs and narcoleptics, the switch doesn’t workquite well. Instead they inhabit the space in between- never entirely awake,nor entirely asleep.
5. Sleeping Less Burns More Calories
In the short term, yes, but sleeping less probably won’thelp you lose weight. Lack of sleep suppresses our naturalappetite-depressants, while fueling appetite-increasers, often leading toweight gain.
21. According to the talk, approximately how manyAmericans suffer chronic insomnia?
22. Which of the following can best describe Gayle Green?
23. Which of the following sleeping patterns might be themost in tune with our inherent biological system?
24. According to the talk, why is it difficult to measureinsomnia in animals?
25. According to the talk, which of the following istrue?
Passage Two
Questions 26-30are based on the following passage.
Eight-year-old children have a radically differentlearning strategy from twelve-year-olds and adults. Eight-year-olds learn primarilyfrom positive feedback, whereas negative feedback scarcely causes any alarmbells’ to ring. Twelve-year-olds are better able to process negative feedback,and use it to learn from their mistakes. Adults do the same, but moreefficiently. Dr Eveline Crone and her colleagues from the Leiden Brain andCognition Lab used fMRI research to compare the brains of three different agegroups: children of eight to nine years, children of eleven to twelve years,and adults aged between 18 and 25years. This three-way division had never beenmade before; the comparison is generally made between children and adults.Crone herself was surprised at the outcome: "We had expected that thebrains of eight-year-olds would function in exactly the same way as the brainsof twelve-year-olds, but maybe not quite so well. Children learn the wholetime, so this new knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting toteach children: how can you best relay instructions to eight- andtwelve-year-olds?" The researchers gave children of both age groups andadults aged 18 to 25 a computer task while they lay in the MRI scanner. Thetask required them to discover rules. If they did this correctly, a tickappeared on the screen, otherwise a cross appeared. MRI scans showed which partsof the brain were activated. These surprising results set Crone thinking."You start to think less in terms of ’good’ and ’not so good’. Children ofeight may well be able to learn extremely differently, only they do it in adifferent way. "
26. According to the talk, which of the following groupscan best learn from their mistakes?
27. What is new about Dr. Crone’s research?
28. What had Dr. Crone and her colleagues expected?
29. Which of the following feedback can best stimulatethe eight year-olds to learn?
30. According to the talk, which group of people wouldlearn and benefit most?
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