2015年華中科技大學博士英語真題回憶
IO<Ds#( 一、完形填空（缺，10分）
O2 "5\@HfE 二、閱讀理解（40分）
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KHw Passage 1
H:cAORLB In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends
Lr0:y o that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon
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social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support
3!vnSX(iv networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing
]E dZ,`B4 owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and
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|jw( friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help
ehTv@2b networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of “primary”
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c.ykP$ institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are
iP6?[pl8 characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual
3Uej]}c concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger “secondary”
jXPbj. institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support
2S-f5& o network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.
i6<uj A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority
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> business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for
5+yy:#J] investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits
\ &47u1B that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial
d:"7Tw2v+ behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation
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QF rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual
ae" o|Q entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing
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