上海交通大學1999年英語

上海交通大學
一九九九年秋季博士生入學考試試題

Part One: Listening Comprehension (25 points) Section A: Spot Dictation
DiruChons: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear on the tape. After the passage, there will be 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet. Now, please get ready.
As we grow up and grow old, our society offers us a sequence of (1) age-related roles, such as schoolchild, apprentice, college student, graduate, spouse, (2) executive, and retiree. Various role opportunities thus open or close to us at (3) point in our passage from the cradle to the grave. In this connection it is (4) to think of society as containing two fluid structures: a structure of ages, and a structure of roles. The (5) refers to the number and proportion of people in different age (6)-, such as infants, the middle¬aged, or the old. The latter refers to the number and types of roles that society makes (7)
such as those of warrior, airline captain, or grandparent. Both the age structure and the role structure of a society are (8) changing.
Every society has to try to provide appropriate roles for its members, (9)
the aged. In a small number of societies where (10) are very