英語表示倍數增減或倍數對比的句型多種多樣,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 見圈碼)很容易譯錯——其主要原因在于:英漢兩語在 表述或對比倍數方面存在著語言與思維差異,F將常 用的英語倍數句型及其正確譯法歸納如下:
E,QD6<?[ 倍數增加
6t gq.XL^n %&eBkN!T (一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)
_p<wATv?7t A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②)
$5@[l5cJU; A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③)
>RrG&Wv59 以上三句都應譯為;A的大。ㄩL度,數量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(長,多,……)n-1倍].
;X+cS,h U-D00l7C Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one.
2
#Qw 這本書的篇幅是那本書的3倍(即長兩倍)。
A(z
m ktM7L{Nz 注:當相比的對象B很明顯時,than(as,of)B常被省去。
T
*k}E 'fZ\uMdTx (二)increase to n times(④)
XE#$|Z increase n times/n-fold(⑤)
fIn^a3TV increase by n times(⑥)
w`atk=K increase by a factor of n(⑦)
)GOio+{H 以上四式均應譯為:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。
>|mZu)HIY; 3teP6|K'g Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.
v3wq- The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.
.&n!4F' 化肥產量比1986年增加了4倍。
AmrVxn4 That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.
u
R]8ZT") 那可使代謝率提高到原來的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。
"i&9RA
!1 The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.
1JV-X G6 漏電壓增加了3借(即增加到原來的4倍)。
wGWv<<Qw" 注:在這類句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等詞所替代。
pDcGf7 }-
wK (三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)
RQ4+EW1G 應譯為:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。這個句型還有其它一些形式:
CD4@0Z+ Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.
[E
K@f,iM 據報道,價值破記錄地增長了3倍。
R`,|08E VF
KFO9 (四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)
/h@3R[k Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.
w"L]?# 這些機器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。
g*!1S }|wC7*^) (五)此外,英語中還有一種用again而不用倍數詞來比較倍數的方法,如:
Zh_3ydMD1 A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩)
z`,dEGfh^ 應譯為:A比B多(大,長,……)1倍。
x+v&3YF A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.
&w
:0ad| 【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11)
fZQ2<*)pqO 應譯為:A比B多(大,長……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。
iu2O/l#r d+"F(R9 倍數減少
OyG2Ks"H uH#X:Vne (一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)
_|#P~Ft
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13)
/v.<h*hxWy 以上兩句均應譯為:A的大。ㄖ亓,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B。ㄝp,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。
+jO#?J Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.
Pfd%[C/vdm 氫原子的重量約為氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子約輕15/16)。
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