2023年全國醫學博士英語考博英語閱讀之拐杖行走

拐杖行走(Crutch Walking)
　　Crutches are often needed to increase a client's mobility. The use of
　　crutches may be temporary (such as after ligament damage to the knee) or
　　permanent (as with paralysis of the lower extremities). It is important that
　　crutches be measured for the appropriate length that clients be taught how
　　to use them correctly.
　　為增加病人活動能力，常常需要用到拐杖。使用拐杖可能是臨時的(如膝韌帶損傷時)，也可以是永久性的(如出現下肢癱瘓情況)。重要的是，拐杖應長短要測量適度，并教會病人如何正確使用拐杖。
　　Potential Nursing Diagnoses：
　　Client data derived during the assessment reveal defining characteristics
　　to support the following nursing diagnoses in clients requiting this
　　skill：
　　1.Impaired physical mobility
　　2. High risk for injury
　　潛在的護理診斷：
　　同坐位：1.軀體活動障礙
　　2.有受傷的危險
　　Equipment：
　　Tape measure、Goniometer、Rubber crutch tips、Wooden crutches
　　用具：
　　卷尺、測角儀、拐杖橡膠端頭，木手杖。
　　步驟及說明(steps)
　　1. Wash hands.
　　Reduces transmission of microorganisms.
　　1.洗手
　　減少微生物傳播
　　2. Measure for crutch length： 3 to 4 finger widths from axilla to a point
　　15 cm (6 inches) lateral to client's heel is standard
　　Ensures that crutches are individualized to client's height.
　　2.測定拐杖高度：標準為：腋下3-4指寬處至病人腳跟向外15cm(6時)處的長度。
　　確保拐杖適合每個病人身高度。
　　3. Position crutch handgrips with elbows flexed at 20- to 25-degree angle.
　　Ankle of elbow flexion should be verified by goniometer
　　Prevents client's body weight from being supported by axillae， which
　　would result in nerve damage.
　　3.屈肘20-25度，放好拐杖把手;屈肘角度應用測角儀確定
　　避免病人體重的腋窩支撐，否則會導致神經損害。
　　4. Verify that distance between crutch pad axilla is 3 to 4 finger
　　widths