2011 年浙江大學考博英語真題第二篇

第二篇
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little
conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滯). Too much conflict leads to
divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark
creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the
optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple
generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.
Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for
not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied
systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in
not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their
organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be
achieved in the absence of conflict.
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that
conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in
their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for
effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking
organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial
terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial
indicators.
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined
from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and
ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived
that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.
A) wrong
B) oversimplified
C) misleading

2011 年 浙江大學考博英語真題第二篇

2011 年浙江大學考博英語真題第二篇