1.改變詞類(Conversion) 2
qA"emUM 英語一個詞能充當的句子成分較少,充當不同成分時常常要改變詞類。最常見的是將英語的名詞或形容詞轉換成漢語的動詞。
RJYB=y8l Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰島素用于治療糖尿病。
&Zzd6[G+ This issue is of paramount importance. 這個問題極其重要。
C >@T+xOZ Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他們之間的關系有一個特點,就是相敬如賓。
B4&K2;fg_ As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embodiment of all evils. 隨著戰爭的進行,他成了受挫的象征,成了萬惡的化身。
35;UE2d)< It leads the discussions to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (34 words ) (1997. 73)
H3}eFl=i2 這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端,它使人們認為該這樣對待動物:要么像對待人類自身一樣關切體諒,要么完全冷漠無情。
7EfLd+ Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. (27 words) (1997. 72)
=7e|e6 人們之所以關注歷史研究的方法論,主要是因為史學界內意見不一,其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學問。
Y=NXfTc The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (2003. 63)
Wl29xY}`{! 強調收集第一手
資料,加上在分析過去和現在文化形態時采用跨文化視角,使得這一研究成為一門獨特并且非常重要的社會科學。
J~e%EjN5e eU*0;# 2. 選詞用字(Diction) b`9J1p.; Before Hugo could protest, he and the others were led away. (抗議→分辯)
5PcN$r"P Put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
nfldj33* It’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
i"B q*b@ There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2001.71)
03%`ouf 屆時將出現由機器人主持的電視談話節目以及裝有污染監控器的汽車,一旦這些汽車排污超標(違規),監控器就會使其停駛。
.uoQ@3 t+H=%{z 3.語序調整(Inversion) y8HwyU> 一個句子中詞和分句的順序,英漢兩種語言往往不同。如表示時間和地點,英語常常是先小后大,而漢語是先大后小。
rUz-\H(- His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19001, USA. Don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
=V[ey Black and white TV, iron and steel company, 李梅亭(Mate in Lee)
Uo~-^w} He remains one of the greatest historians, despite his apparent prejudice and his untrustworthiness in detail, because of his artistic mastery of historic theme.
76} a 盡管他在歷史細節描寫上有明顯的偏見和不值得信任之處,但由于其對歷史題材藝術般的運用,他仍不失為最偉大的歷史學家之一。
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