第二篇
SJ8Ax_9{q Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little
X;'H@GU0 conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滯). Too much conflict leads to
_Oc5g5_{ divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark
%W`
} creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
=Z}$X:
$ Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the
0i[v,eS optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple
>\[/e{Q" generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.
JCFiKt9n Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for
(P'{A>aHl0 not-for-profit organizations.
>UNx<=ry Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied
C8Ja>o2' systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in
v9*31Jx not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their
l$ Y*ii organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be
_59f.FsVR achieved in the absence of conflict.
z;wOtKl5r Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that
;-kC&GZf conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in
` {/"? s| their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for
~)CGwST [ effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking
vB<9M-sa0 organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial
3FY8 7R terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial
9$ f% indicators.
k:[T
#/; In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined
{ k>T*/ from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and
F/
o }5H ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived
;vG%[f`K that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
I9Lt> * 31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.
Z\r?>2 A) wrong
;oCSKY4 B) oversimplified
+\-cf,WkI C) misleading
qr4.s$VGs* D) unclear
NK\0X5##. 注：文章第一句
&yRR!1n)H 32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.
ka/>jV" A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
yXQ 28A B) the real value of conflict
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