考博英語作文背誦經典（帶翻譯）

考博英語作文背誦經典（帶翻譯）
01 The Language of Music
A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see
it. A composer writes a work, but no    one can hear it until it is performed.
Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the
composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and
as arduous a training to become a    performer as a medical student needs to
become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for
musicians    have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet
dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as    their vocal chords would
be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice
moving the    fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to
and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.
Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in
tune. Pianists are spared this    particular anxiety, for the notes are
already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility
to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the
hammers that hit the strings have to be   coaxed not to sound
like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.
This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student
conductors: they have to learn to know every    note of the music and how it
should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with
fanatical but    selfless authority.
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge
and understanding. Great artists are those who    are so thoroughly at home in
the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any
century.
01 音樂的語言
畫家將已完成的作品掛在墻上，每個人都可以觀賞到。作曲家寫完了一部作品，得由
演奏者將其演奏出來，其他人才能得以欣賞。因為作曲家是如此完全地依賴于職業歌手和職業演奏者，所以職業歌手和職業演奏者肩上的擔子可謂不輕。
一名學音樂的學生要想成為一名演奏者，需要經受長期的、嚴格的訓練，就象一名醫科的學生要成為一名醫生一樣。絕大多數的訓練是技巧性的。
音樂家們控制肌肉的熟練程度，必須達到與運動員或巴蕾舞演員相當的水平。歌手們每天都練習吊嗓子，因為如果不能有效地控制肌肉的話，他們的聲
帶將不能滿足演唱的要求。弦樂器的演奏者練習的則是在左手的手指上下滑動的同時，用
右手前后拉動琴弓--兩個截然不同的動作。歌手和樂器演奏者必須使所有的音符完全相同協調。鋼琴家們則不用操這份心，因為每個音符都已在那里等待著他們了。
給鋼琴調音是調音師的職責。但調音師們也有他們的難處：他們必須耐心地調理敲擊琴弦的音錘，不能讓
音錘發出的聲音象是打擊樂器，而且每個交疊的音都必須要清晰。如何得到樂章清晰的紋理
是學生指揮們所面臨的難題：他們必須學會了解音樂中的每一個音及其發音之道。他們還
必須致力于以熱忱而又客觀的權威去控制這些音符。除非是和音樂方面的知識和悟性結合起來，單純的技巧沒有任何用處。
藝術家之所以偉大在于他們對音樂語言駕輕就熟，以致于可以滿懷喜悅地演出寫于任何時代的作品。
>02 Schooling and Education
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people
go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today
children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction
between schooling and    education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.
Education knows no bounds. It can take place    anywhere, whether in the
shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes
both the formal    learning that takes place in schools and the whole
universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a
revered grandparent to the

people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished
scientist.
Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often
produces surprises. A chance conversation    with a stranger may lead a person