蘇大英語閱讀理解-1

What does a scientist do when he or she"explains something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms:generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. Theyexplain parlicular instances of behavior as example of general laws. Forinstance, most psychologists would explain a pathologically (病態) strong fear of dogs as example of classicalconditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog.An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps theperson was knocked down by a vigorous dog and the subsequent sight of dogsevokes the earlier response of fear.