2018考博英語閱讀理解練習（一）

Small increases intemperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.
　　Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean areexpected to gain considerable strength asthe global temperature continues torise, a new study has found.
　　Using modeling data focused on the conditionsin which hurricanes form, a group ofinternational researchers based at BeijingNormal University found that for every 1.8°F ( 1℃ )rise of the Earth's temperature, the number of hurricanes in theAtlantic that are as strong orstronger than Hurricane Katrina will increasetwofold to sevenfold.
　　Hurricane strength is directly related to theheat of the water where the storm forms. Morewater vapor in the air fromevaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strengthand headtoward land.
　　Hurricane Katrina is widely considered themeasure for a destructive storm, holding themaximum Category 5 designation fora full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as itpassed over theFlorida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding withNewOrleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.
　　The study points to a gradual increase ofKatrina-like events. The warming experiencedover the 20th century doubled thenumber of such debilitating(將人類摧垮的)storms. Buttheongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase thefrequency of theworst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlinesalong the Atlantic Ocean withmuitiple Category 5 storms every year.
　　"Our results support the idea that changesin regional sea surface temperatures is theprimary cause of hurricanevariability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center forIce andClimate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of smallsea-surfacetemperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues hadanticipated. Theentire study was published in the Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences.
　　Global temperatures have steadily increased,making the past decade the warmest onrecord. Earlier this year, climateresearchers reported that the Earth's temperatures have risenfaster in the lastcentury than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. Theprimarycause, a couseusus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions ofgreenhousegases like carbon dioxide and methane.
　　Past hurricanes have supported the study'sfinding that global temperature rise is linkedto more destructive storms. Accordingto the National Center for Atmospheric Research, whilethe frequency of stormsdoesn't appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones hasrisensharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back intime, butcomprehensive hurricane data doesn't exist.
　　1.According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing NormalUniversity,the rise of the Earth's temperature is likely to cause
　　A.the coming of ice age
　　C.more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes
　　B.less intense hurricanes
　　D.more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
　　2.The ocean water in the region where the storm forms
　　A.is heating the hurricanes
　　B.evaporates and becomes fuel
　　C.heads toward land
　　D.turns into water vapor that makes hurricanesstronger
　　3.Which of the following statement is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina?
　　A.It did not lose its strength as it moved.
　　B.It claimed over 200 people's lives.
　　C.It caused 80 billion dollars loss for Floridapeninsula.
　　D.It lasted for full 24 hours.
　　4.What result can regional sea surface temperature changes produce?
　　A.Hurricane changes.
　　C.Global warming.
　　B.Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
　　D.Destructive hurricanes.
　　5.It can be inferred from the passage that
　　A.there is no link between greenhouse gasemissions and destructive storms
　　B.reduction of greenhouse gas emissions mayreduce destructive storms
　　C.the higher percentage of strong ones rose asmore hurricanes appeared
　　D.past records on hurricanes includedeverything needed

參考答案
　　1.C)。本題考查地球溫度上升帶來的變化。定位句提到“地球溫度每上升l.8華氏度(1攝氏度)，那么大西洋中強度可匹敵甚至勝過卡特里娜颶風的颶風數量會增加兩倍乃至七倍”，故C)“更多像卡特里娜那樣或是更糟糕的颶風”為答案。
　　2.D)。本題考查對颶風形成的區域中海水情況的理解。定位句提到“從海洋中蒸發到空氣中的水分越多，那么颶風的威力就越強，然后會直撲陸地”，故D)“蒸發成水蒸氣，使得風暴威力增強”為答案。
　　3.B)。本題考查颶風卡特里娜的細節。定位句提到“卡特里娜颶風在抵達新奧爾良州之前威力大增，其巨大的破壞力致使200余人喪生，并造成了800億美元的經濟損失”，故答案為B)。
　　4.A)。本題考查局域海面溫度的變化對颶風造成的影響。根據定位句，局域海面溫度的變
　　化是颶風變化的主要原因，故答案為A)。
　　5.B)。由倒數第二段最后一句和最后一段的第一句可知，全球變暖是由溫室氣體大量排放引起的，而全球變暖和破壞性風暴頻率變高之間存在聯系，由此可推知，減少溫室氣體排放，或可緩解全球變暖的趨勢，從而減少破壞性風暴的發生頻率，故答案為B)。