2019年考博英語提升寫作五大技巧

2019考博英語寫作技能之統一性
　　一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬于一個中心，任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
　　Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
　　本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences(不相干的句子)，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。

2019考博英語寫作技能之完整性

　　正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。
　　例如：Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
　　本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平靜)Physical work又如何能改變這種情況?為什么它能起therapy的作用?讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。
　　例如：It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
　　段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。
　　比如下段：It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?

2019考博英語寫作技能之連貫性（coherence）
　　連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，后者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系;反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
　　1)、意連
　　段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就寫什么。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
　　A.按時間先后排列(chronological arrangement)
　　We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
　　本段從“rose”(起床)寫起，然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”)，然后是“close to noon”，一直寫到這一天結束(“By nine——”)。
　　B. 按位置遠近排列(spatial arrangement)。
　　例如： From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
　　本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處(“from a distance”)寫起，然后“get closer”，再到(“ten feet away”)，最后是“inside the pagoda”……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等于都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及里等等。
　　C. 按邏輯關系排列(logical arrangement)
　　a. 按重要性順序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
　　If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
　　這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。